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=== Team Members ===
== Team Members ==
* Kevin Townsend
* Kevin Townsend
* Bhavani Satyanarayana Rao
* Bhavani Satyanarayana Rao
* Chidvila Gaddam
* Chidvila Gaddam
=== Assignments ===
#[[Assignment1:Assignment1]]


=== Assignment1 ===
== Assignment1 ==
#Review Docs
<hr width='100%'>
##ConveyPDKReferenceManual
 
##ConveyProgrammersGuide
=== Running the sample application with script files ===
##ConveyReferenceManual
 
#Understand how Vector Adder example works
<div>
#Implement Vector Adder example ( SW, ModelSim, HW)
<ul><li>The runcp script located in the SampleAppVadd can be used to run the application in HW which sets the appropriate environment variables and runs the UserApp.exe </li>
 
    export CNY_PDK_PROJ = ~/pdk_sample/cae_pers_vadd
    ./runcp
 
<li>The run script located in the SampleAppVadd can be used to run the application in SW</li>
<li>The scripts above can be used to run the application on Simulator using the "-vsim" option which sets the environment variable CNY_CAE_EMULATOR to ./run_simulation</li>
 
  ./runcp -vsim
      or
  ./run -vsim
</ul>
</div>
 
 
<table border='1px'>
<tr><th>Environment Variables</th><th>Software</th><th>ModelSim</th><th>Hardware</th></tr>
<tr><td>CNY_SIM_THREAD</td><td>libcpSimLib2.so</td><td>libcpSimLib2.so</td><td>''unset''</td></tr>
<tr><td>CNY_CAE_EMULATOR</td><td><location for CaeSimPers></td><td>./run_simulation</td><td>''unset''</td></tr>
</table>
 
 
 
=== Changes made to run the application on ModelSim ===
<ul>
<li>Setup as explained in here [[http://wikis.ece.iastate.edu/cpre584/index.php/Convey_environment_setup]]</li>
<li>Set the CNY_PDK_PROJ environment variable to the location of cae_pers_vadd</li>
 
      export CNY_PDK_PROJ = ~/pdk_sample/cae_pers_vadd
 
<li>Copied Jones' my_makefile from the temp dir and replaced the makefile in CY_PDK_PROJ/testbench</li>
<li>Add line to the makefile in testbench dir</li>
    CNY_PDK_MODELSIM_USER_SIM_OPTIONS= -i -do "run -all"
<li>Modify the values of LIB_DIR and LDFLAGS from 32-bit to 64-bit as given below</li>
    LIB_DIR = lib64
    LDFLAGS = -m64
</ul>
 
[[Image:Modelsim.PNG|500px|ModelSim Snapshot]]
 
=== Extra Credit: Exploring gdb ===
 
<ul><li>We invoked gdb using the gdb <programname> command or by using the run/runcp script files in with "-gdb" option</li>
   
    gdb UserApp.exe
      or
    ./run -gdb
   
 
    [[Image:gdb1.png|500px|GDB Snapshot]]
 
<li>One can find different command classes on gdb by typing help.To get details on a particular command class/command, type help on gdb followed by the name of the command class/command </li>
   
    [[Image:gdb2.png|500px|GDB help]]
<li>We explored some commands like run, start (to begin execution), stepi (for single instruction stepping into a file), kill (kill a running program) and quit on gdb </li>
   
    [[Image:gdb3.png|500px|GDB]]   
 
</ul>
<hr width='100%'>
== Assignment2 ==
<hr width='100%'>
=== About Sobel Algorithm ===
Sobel Algorithm is used for edge detection in image processing.The link[http://dasl.mem.drexel.edu/alumni/bGreen/www.pages.drexel.edu/_weg22/edge.html] explains
<ul><li>Why edge detection is important?</li>
<li>How sobel algorithm uses the gradient method (jump in the pixel values along edges in the images compared to the pixels around it) to detect edges in images?</li></ul>
==== The Algorithm ====
<ul><li>Use Sobel masks to find the gradient of a pixel w.r.t its 8 immediate neighboring pixel values.
The Sobel masks are GX={(-1,0,+1),(-2,0,+2),(-1,0,+1)) which gives the gradient in the x direction
and Gy={(+1,+2,+1),(0,0,0),(-1,-2,-1)} which gives the gradient in the x direction.</li>
<li>Find the approximate magnitude of the gradient using the formula</li>
    |G|=|Gx|+|Gy|
<li>Compare |G| against the threshold values (0 and 255 in our case).</li>
    If (|G| > 255) then the pixel value is 0 in the output image.
    If (|G| < 0) then the pixel value is 255 in the output image.
<li>Repeat the above steps for all the pixels in the image</li>
</ul>
 
=== C code for Sobel Algorithm ===
 
Source: Edge Detection Tutorial-Author: Bill Green (2002)[http://dasl.mem.drexel.edu/alumni/bGreen/www.pages.drexel.edu/_weg22/edge.html]
 
  for(Y=0; Y<=(originalImage.rows-1); Y++)  {
        for(X=0; X<=(originalImage.cols-1); X++)  {
            sumX = 0;
            sumY = 0;
            /* image boundaries */
            if(Y==0 || Y==originalImage.rows-1)
                  SUM = 0;
            else if(X==0 || X==originalImage.cols-1)
                  SUM = 0;
            /* Convolution starts here */
            else  {
              /*-------X GRADIENT APPROXIMATION------*/
              for(I=-1; I<=1; I++)  {
                  for(J=-1; J<=1; J++)  {
                      sumX = sumX + (int)( (*(originalImage.data + X + I + (Y + J)*originalImage.cols)) * GX[I+1][J+1]);
                  }
              }
              if(sumX>255)  sumX=255;
              if(sumX<0)    sumX=0;
              /*-------Y GRADIENT APPROXIMATION-------*/
              for(I=-1; I<=1; I++)  {
                  for(J=-1; J<=1; J++)  {
                      sumY = sumY + (int)( (*(originalImage.data + X + I + (Y + J)*originalImage.cols)) * GY[I+1][J+1]);
                  }
              }
              if(sumY>255)  sumY=255;
              if(sumY<0)    sumY=0;
              SUM = abs(sumX) + abs(sumY); /*---GRADIENT MAGNITUDE APPROXIMATION (Myler p.218)----*/
            }
            *(edgeImage.data + X + Y*originalImage.cols) = 255 - (unsigned char)(SUM);  /* make edges black and background white */
            fwrite( (edgeImage.data + X + Y*originalImage.cols), sizeof(char), 1, bmpOutput);
 
=== Profiling C code Using gprof ===
 
Compile the c code with -pg option
  gcc -pg -lm edgesob.c
Run the a.out file
  ./a.out lena.bmp
Execute the gprof command, provide it with the executable file name and pipe the output to a text file.
Note the use of -z option.Unless the `-z' option is given, functions with no apparent time spent in them,
and no apparent calls to them, are not mentioned.
source:The GNU Profiler-Jay Fenlason and Richard Stallman[http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/old/texinfo/as/gprof_toc.html]
  gprof -b -z a.out >result.txt
The output of gprof:
The link [http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/old/texinfo/as/gprof.html#SEC5] explains on how to understand a Flat Profile.
====Flat profile====
 
  Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
    %  cumulative  self              self    total
  time  seconds  seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name
  100.31      0.03    0.03                            main
  0.00      0.03    0.00        4    0.00    0.00  getImageInfo
  0.00      0.03    0.00        1    0.00    0.00  copyColorTable
  0.00      0.03    0.00        1    0.00    0.00  copyImageInfo
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            __do_global_ctors_aux
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            __do_global_dtors_aux
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            __gmon_start__
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            __libc_csu_fini
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            __libc_csu_init
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            _fini
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            _init
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            _start
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            atexit
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            call_gmon_start
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            data_start
  0.00      0.03    0.00                            frame_dummy
 
====Call graph====
The link [http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/old/texinfo/as/gprof.html#SEC6] explains on how to read the call graph.
  granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 33.23% of 0.03 seconds
  index % time    self children    called    name
                                                <spontaneous>
  [1]    100.0    0.03    0.00                main [1]
                  0.00    0.00      4/4          getImageInfo [2]
                  0.00    0.00      1/1          copyImageInfo [4]
                  0.00    0.00      1/1          copyColorTable [3]
  -----------------------------------------------
                  0.00    0.00      4/4          main [1]
  [2]      0.0    0.00    0.00      4        getImageInfo [2]
  -----------------------------------------------
                  0.00    0.00      1/1          main [1]
  [3]      0.0    0.00    0.00      1        copyColorTable [3]
  -----------------------------------------------
                  0.00    0.00      1/1          main [1]
  [4]      0.0    0.00    0.00      1        copyImageInfo [4]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [7]      0.0    0.00    0.00                atexit [7]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [8]      0.0    0.00    0.00                call_gmon_start [8]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [9]      0.0    0.00    0.00                data_start [9]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [10]    0.0    0.00    0.00                frame_dummy [10]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [11]    0.0    0.00    0.00                __do_global_ctors_aux [11]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [12]    0.0    0.00    0.00                __do_global_dtors_aux [12]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [13]    0.0    0.00    0.00                __gmon_start__ [13]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [14]    0.0    0.00    0.00                __libc_csu_fini [14]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [15]    0.0    0.00    0.00                __libc_csu_init [15]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [16]    0.0    0.00    0.00                _fini [16]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [17]    0.0    0.00    0.00                _init [17]
  -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
  [18]    0.0    0.00    0.00                _start [18]
  -----------------------------------------------
 
=== Software emulation of HW ===
 
Application file : [[Team Slytherin - Software emulation source code]]

Latest revision as of 21:26, 22 February 2012

Team Members

  • Kevin Townsend
  • Bhavani Satyanarayana Rao
  • Chidvila Gaddam

Assignment1

Running the sample application with script files

  • The runcp script located in the SampleAppVadd can be used to run the application in HW which sets the appropriate environment variables and runs the UserApp.exe
    • export CNY_PDK_PROJ = ~/pdk_sample/cae_pers_vadd ./runcp
  • The run script located in the SampleAppVadd can be used to run the application in SW
  • The scripts above can be used to run the application on Simulator using the "-vsim" option which sets the environment variable CNY_CAE_EMULATOR to ./run_simulation
    • ./runcp -vsim or ./run -vsim


Environment VariablesSoftwareModelSimHardware
CNY_SIM_THREADlibcpSimLib2.solibcpSimLib2.sounset
CNY_CAE_EMULATOR<location for CaeSimPers>./run_simulationunset


Changes made to run the application on ModelSim

  • Setup as explained in here [[1]]
  • Set the CNY_PDK_PROJ environment variable to the location of cae_pers_vadd
    • export CNY_PDK_PROJ = ~/pdk_sample/cae_pers_vadd
  • Copied Jones' my_makefile from the temp dir and replaced the makefile in CY_PDK_PROJ/testbench
  • Add line to the makefile in testbench dir
    • CNY_PDK_MODELSIM_USER_SIM_OPTIONS= -i -do "run -all"
  • Modify the values of LIB_DIR and LDFLAGS from 32-bit to 64-bit as given below
    • LIB_DIR = lib64 LDFLAGS = -m64

Error creating thumbnail: File missing

Extra Credit: Exploring gdb

  • We invoked gdb using the gdb <programname> command or by using the run/runcp script files in with "-gdb" option
    • gdb UserApp.exe or ./run -gdb Error creating thumbnail: File missing
  • One can find different command classes on gdb by typing help.To get details on a particular command class/command, type help on gdb followed by the name of the command class/command
    • Error creating thumbnail: File missing
  • We explored some commands like run, start (to begin execution), stepi (for single instruction stepping into a file), kill (kill a running program) and quit on gdb
    • Error creating thumbnail: File missing

Assignment2

About Sobel Algorithm

Sobel Algorithm is used for edge detection in image processing.The link[2] explains

  • Why edge detection is important?
  • How sobel algorithm uses the gradient method (jump in the pixel values along edges in the images compared to the pixels around it) to detect edges in images?

The Algorithm

  • Use Sobel masks to find the gradient of a pixel w.r.t its 8 immediate neighboring pixel values. The Sobel masks are GX={(-1,0,+1),(-2,0,+2),(-1,0,+1)) which gives the gradient in the x direction and Gy={(+1,+2,+1),(0,0,0),(-1,-2,-1)} which gives the gradient in the x direction.
  • Find the approximate magnitude of the gradient using the formula
    • |G|=|Gx|+|Gy|
  • Compare |G| against the threshold values (0 and 255 in our case).
    • If (|G| > 255) then the pixel value is 0 in the output image. If (|G| < 0) then the pixel value is 255 in the output image.
  • Repeat the above steps for all the pixels in the image

C code for Sobel Algorithm

Source: Edge Detection Tutorial-Author: Bill Green (2002)[3] 

 for(Y=0; Y<=(originalImage.rows-1); Y++)  {
       for(X=0; X<=(originalImage.cols-1); X++)  {
            sumX = 0;
            sumY = 0;
            /* image boundaries */
            if(Y==0 || Y==originalImage.rows-1)
                 SUM = 0;
            else if(X==0 || X==originalImage.cols-1)
                 SUM = 0;
            /* Convolution starts here */
            else   {
              /*-------X GRADIENT APPROXIMATION------*/
              for(I=-1; I<=1; I++)  {
                  for(J=-1; J<=1; J++)  {
                     sumX = sumX + (int)( (*(originalImage.data + X + I + (Y + J)*originalImage.cols)) * GX[I+1][J+1]);
                  }
              }
              if(sumX>255)  sumX=255;
              if(sumX<0)    sumX=0;
              /*-------Y GRADIENT APPROXIMATION-------*/
              for(I=-1; I<=1; I++)  {
                  for(J=-1; J<=1; J++)  {
                      sumY = sumY + (int)( (*(originalImage.data + X + I + (Y + J)*originalImage.cols)) * GY[I+1][J+1]);
                  }
              }
              if(sumY>255)   sumY=255;
              if(sumY<0)     sumY=0;
              SUM = abs(sumX) + abs(sumY); /*---GRADIENT MAGNITUDE APPROXIMATION (Myler p.218)----*/
            }
            *(edgeImage.data + X + Y*originalImage.cols) = 255 - (unsigned char)(SUM);  /* make edges black and background white */
            fwrite( (edgeImage.data + X + Y*originalImage.cols), sizeof(char), 1, bmpOutput);

Profiling C code Using gprof

Compile the c code with -pg option 

 gcc -pg -lm edgesob.c

Run the a.out file 

 ./a.out lena.bmp

Execute the gprof command, provide it with the executable file name and pipe the output to a text file. Note the use of -z option.Unless the `-z' option is given, functions with no apparent time spent in them, and no apparent calls to them, are not mentioned. source:The GNU Profiler-Jay Fenlason and Richard Stallman[4] 

 gprof -b -z a.out >result.txt

The output of gprof: The link [5] explains on how to understand a Flat Profile.

Flat profile

 Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds.
   %   cumulative   self              self     total
  time   seconds   seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name
 100.31      0.03     0.03                             main
 0.00      0.03     0.00        4     0.00     0.00  getImageInfo
 0.00      0.03     0.00        1     0.00     0.00  copyColorTable
 0.00      0.03     0.00        1     0.00     0.00  copyImageInfo
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             __do_global_ctors_aux
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             __do_global_dtors_aux
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             __gmon_start__
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             __libc_csu_fini
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             __libc_csu_init
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             _fini
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             _init
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             _start
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             atexit
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             call_gmon_start
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             data_start
 0.00      0.03     0.00                             frame_dummy

Call graph

The link [6] explains on how to read the call graph. 

 granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 33.23% of 0.03 seconds
 index % time    self  children    called     name
                                                <spontaneous>
 [1]    100.0    0.03    0.00                 main [1]
                 0.00    0.00       4/4           getImageInfo [2]
                 0.00    0.00       1/1           copyImageInfo [4]
                 0.00    0.00       1/1           copyColorTable [3]
 -----------------------------------------------
                 0.00    0.00       4/4           main [1]
 [2]      0.0    0.00    0.00       4         getImageInfo [2]
 -----------------------------------------------
                 0.00    0.00       1/1           main [1]
 [3]      0.0    0.00    0.00       1         copyColorTable [3]
 -----------------------------------------------
                 0.00    0.00       1/1           main [1]
 [4]      0.0    0.00    0.00       1         copyImageInfo [4]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [7]      0.0    0.00    0.00                 atexit [7]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [8]      0.0    0.00    0.00                 call_gmon_start [8]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [9]      0.0    0.00    0.00                 data_start [9]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [10]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 frame_dummy [10]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [11]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 __do_global_ctors_aux [11]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [12]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 __do_global_dtors_aux [12]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [13]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 __gmon_start__ [13]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [14]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 __libc_csu_fini [14]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [15]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 __libc_csu_init [15]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [16]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 _fini [16]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [17]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 _init [17]
 -----------------------------------------------
                                                  <spontaneous>
 [18]     0.0    0.00    0.00                 _start [18]
 -----------------------------------------------

Software emulation of HW

Application file : Team Slytherin - Software emulation source code

Retrieved from "https://wikis.ece.iastate.edu/cpre584/index.php?title=Team_Slytherin&oldid=450"